1. Fibers
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Definition: A fiber is a thin, flexible, hair-like strand with a high length-to-width ratio.
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Types:
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Natural fibers: Derived from plants (cotton, flax) or animals (wool, silk).
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Man-made fibers: Includes regenerated (viscose, acetate) and synthetic (polyester, nylon).
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Properties:
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Natural fibers are biodegradable and breathable.
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Synthetic fibers are durable, elastic, and moisture-resistant.
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2. Yarns
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Definition: A continuous strand made by twisting or laying fibers together.
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Types:
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Spun yarns: Made from staple fibers.
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Filament yarns: Made from long continuous fibers.
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Yarn formation: Includes carding, combing, spinning, and twisting.
3. Fabrics
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Definition: Material produced by interlacing yarns.
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Formation methods:
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Weaving: Interlacing warp and weft yarns.
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Knitting: Interlooping yarns.
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Non-woven: Bonding fibers chemically or mechanically.
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4. Textile Processing
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Dyeing: Chemical application of color to fibers, yarns, or fabrics.
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Printing: Applying designs using techniques like block, screen, or digital printing.
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Finishing: Enhances appearance or performance (e.g., waterproofing, flame resistance).
Fiber Identification & Testing
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Techniques include:
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Microscopy: SEM and transmitted light microscopy.
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Spectroscopy: FTIR and Raman spectroscopy.
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Thermal analysis: Differential Scanning Calorimetry
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- Teacher: justina awuor